The Nabateans, ancient desert traders who ruled the region until around 300 A.D., had to deal with seasonal flooding and drought. Despite this challenge, they found the area around Wadi Musa, where they resided, attractive due to its winding canyons, high peaks and plateaus, and protected valleys. Unfortunately, these same features also make the area vulnerable to flooding today.
For decades, archaeologists have been investigating how the Nabateans managed water in the region. Their research has shown that Nabatean engineers developed an interlocking system of terraces and small dams to flood-proof ancient Petra. This complex system channeled water through ravines and canyons, slowed down rushing water that could lead to flooding, and directed it into storage ponds. Terraces were used to soak up water and provide space for crops.
After the collapse of the Nabatean kingdom, the water management system fell into disrepair. Even with the rediscovery and development of Petra as a tourist destination in the 20th century, the dams were largely overlooked. However, plans to revive the ancient dams are now part of a National Geographic Society-funded effort called Preserving Legacies. This project aims to help cultural heritage sites like Petra adapt to climate change by working with communities to protect their important sites. Local climate models are being developed, and community leaders are being consulted to determine the best ways to preserve these valuable sites for the future.